{"id":57941,"date":"2026-06-03T09:53:42","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T08:53:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/?p=57941"},"modified":"2026-06-03T09:53:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T08:53:42","slug":"%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%84%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/en\/%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%84%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%8b-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 80 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"09d47f69-6332-4b08-acfe-378ffbfa561e\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-58\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"09d47f69-6332-4b08-acfe-378ffbfa561e\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<div class=\"\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"6hrgg\" data-offset-key=\"a56bg-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mk\" data-offset-key=\"a56bg-0-0\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-693e76b8-b728-8330-9003-ff4fa76c59d9-5\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-150\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"d5bb2028-03e0-40d8-bb2b-95f22a55e68a\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling\">\n<h1 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center\"><\/h1>\n<h1 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 80 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\" class=\" translation-block\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 <span class=\"html-span xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x1hl2dhg x16tdsg8 x1vvkbs\"><a class=\"x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x1ejq31n x18oe1m7 x1sy0etr xstzfhl x972fbf x10w94by x1qhh985 x14e42zd x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 x3ct3a4 xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak xexx8yu xyri2b x18d9i69 x1c1uobl x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xkrqix3 x1sur9pj x1fey0fg x1s688f\" role=\"link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Pr.BaddariKamel?__cft__[0]=AZYrpxr7t5TysbNSU0oumQg-2gtOdzisC3qe-bz46_mcEKYL_DSjvPkTchf6rnSaiaeXPe3IWwEk_zFEL1M9bbjPSGzZPn7BFO3SNylzILdgXynzjDjF7Yk0PIk7_MJhH7O2gv6c1jElqurTLGDaFQr7HnfWDmY1ldeSvsWdc3-5qjNuH2GxYDmF1VtvlFoUO2Y&amp;__tn__=-]K-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"xt0psk2\"><span class=\"xjp7ctv\">\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Kamel Baddari<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span> \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 Regent\u2019s University London \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 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\u0648\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0648-\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0648-\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"3e93f0d7-2cc1-4ed3-a5fa-133def9d7e8b\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-86\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"3e93f0d7-2cc1-4ed3-a5fa-133def9d7e8b\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-2\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-693e76b8-b728-8330-9003-ff4fa76c59d9-5\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-124\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"cda16ca0-ded6-42f3-a3f0-c355d4eac511\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"7f5544bf-1a5f-4039-a6fe-c3a40267e399\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-128\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"7f34987e-adcb-4dbd-b442-ab90741eb13d\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-3\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full wrap-break-word light markdown-new-styling\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm pb-25\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-693e76b8-b728-8330-9003-ff4fa76c59d9-3\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-134\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))] @w-sm\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] @w-lg\/main:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"d4edcc71-252b-49e9-813a-1faf9218e82c\" 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class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-57942 not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/712455015_880813021719367_1001135242676367857_n.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"911\" height=\"611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/712455015_880813021719367_1001135242676367857_n.webp 911w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/712455015_880813021719367_1001135242676367857_n-300x201.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/712455015_880813021719367_1001135242676367857_n-768x515.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/712455015_880813021719367_1001135242676367857_n-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/712455015_880813021719367_1001135242676367857_n-600x402.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 911px) 100vw, 911px\" 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dir=\"auto\"><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 80 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a Kamel Baddari \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 Regent\u2019s University London \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 13 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 80 &hellip; 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