{"id":51426,"date":"2025-12-07T11:29:14","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T10:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/?p=51426"},"modified":"2025-12-07T11:29:14","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T10:29:14","slug":"%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/en\/%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%ad%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b6%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa%d8%b6%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 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translation-block\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u062a <strong data-start=\"195\" data-end=\"228\">\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a <strong data-start=\"245\" data-end=\"301\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u062d<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 <strong data-start=\"315\" data-end=\"361\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 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data-end=\"554\">\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0651\u062c\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong> \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 <strong data-start=\"569\" data-end=\"582\">\u0623\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 <strong data-start=\"590\" data-end=\"655\">\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a <strong data-start=\"663\" data-end=\"717\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a 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data-start=\"1416\" data-end=\"1446\"><strong data-start=\"1416\" data-end=\"1444\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1447\" data-end=\"1471\">\n<p data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1471\"><strong data-start=\"1449\" data-end=\"1469\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1496\">\n<p data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1496\"><strong data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1494\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1497\" data-end=\"1538\">\n<p data-start=\"1499\" data-end=\"1538\" class=\" translation-block\"><strong data-start=\"1499\" data-end=\"1520\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0632\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1540\" data-end=\"1723\" class=\" translation-block\">\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<br data-start=\"1597\" data-end=\"1600\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1999\" class=\" translation-block\">\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 <strong data-start=\"1792\" data-end=\"1807\">12 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646:<br data-start=\"1833\" data-end=\"1836\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062a\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629 3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0646\u0634\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0646\u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2001\" data-end=\"2236\" class=\" translation-block\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 <strong data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2032\">42 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062d\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642: <strong data-start=\"2093\" data-end=\"2124\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0646\u062a\u0647 <strong data-start=\"2184\" data-end=\"2221\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/strong> \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2281\" data-end=\"2516\" class=\" translation-block\">\u0623\u0633\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0640 <strong data-start=\"2326\" data-end=\"2363\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a <strong data-start=\"2371\" data-end=\"2403\">\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a <strong data-start=\"2442\" data-end=\"2513\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"1870\" data-end=\"2116\">\n<p data-start=\"1870\" data-end=\"2116\"><img data-dominant-color=\"b5a89b\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #b5a89b;\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-51428 size-large not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/588711539_737942079339796_5083482117527728418_n-1024x682.avif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/588711539_737942079339796_5083482117527728418_n-1024x682.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/588711539_737942079339796_5083482117527728418_n-300x200.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/588711539_737942079339796_5083482117527728418_n-768x512.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/588711539_737942079339796_5083482117527728418_n-18x12.avif 18w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/588711539_737942079339796_5083482117527728418_n.avif 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/> <img data-dominant-color=\"cabfb3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #cabfb3;\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-51427 size-large not-transparent\" src=\"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/592769051_737941789339825_6518397192501497752_n-1024x682.avif\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/592769051_737941789339825_6518397192501497752_n-1024x682.avif 1024w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/592769051_737941789339825_6518397192501497752_n-300x200.avif 300w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/592769051_737941789339825_6518397192501497752_n-768x512.avif 768w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/592769051_737941789339825_6518397192501497752_n-18x12.avif 18w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/592769051_737941789339825_6518397192501497752_n-600x400.avif 600w, https:\/\/www.univ-eloued.dz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/592769051_737941789339825_6518397192501497752_n.avif 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto [content-visibility:auto] supports-[content-visibility:auto]:[contain-intrinsic-size:auto_100lvh] scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"89ae879c-8485-4006-bf5f-10280cdef141\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-40\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\">\n<div class=\"z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"pointer-events-none h-px w-px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-edge=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"xdj266r x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div class=\"x14z9mp xat24cr x1lziwak x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a\">\n<h1 dir=\"auto\"><\/h1>\n<h1 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center\"><\/h1>\n<h1 dir=\"auto\" style=\"text-align: center\"><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 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